TENSES UMT TEKNIK SIPIL

Present Tense

Ø Simple

A =   S + V₁ (s/es) + O

P =   O + to be + V₃ + S

Ø Continuous

A = S + to be (is/are/am) + V _ing + O

P = 0 + to be + Being + V₃ + S

Ø Perfect

A = S + have / has + V₃ + 0

P = O + have / has + been + V₃ + S

Ø Perfect Continuous

A = S + have / has + V₃ + O

P = O + to be + been + being + V₃ + S

PAST TENSE

Ø Simple

A = S + V₂ + O

P = O + to be + V₃ + by + S

Ø Continuous

    A = S + to be (was/were) + V _ing + O

P = O + was/were + being + V₃ + S

Ø Perfect

A = S + had + V₃ + O

    P = O + had +been + V₃ + by S

Ø Perfect Continuous

A = S + had + been +V _ing + O

P = O +had +been + being + V₃ + by S

FUTURE TENSE

Ø Simple

A = S + will/shall + V₁ + O

P = O + will be + V₃ + S

Ø Continuous

    A = S + will/shall + be + V _ing + O

P = O + will be + being + V₃ + S

Ø Perfect

A = S + will/shall + have + V₃ + O

P = O + will have + been + V₃ + S

Ø Perfect Continuous

A = S + will/shall + have + been + V _ing + O

P = O + will have + been + being + V₃ + by S

PAST FUTURE TENSE

Ø Simple

A = S + would/should + V₁ + O

P = O + would/should + be + V₃ + S

Ø Continuous

    A = S + would/should + be + V _ing + O

P = O + would + have + been + V₂ + S

Ø Perfect

A = S + would/should + have + V₃ + O

P = O + would + have + been + V₂ +  S

Ø Perfect Continuous

A = S + would/should + have + been + V _ing + O

P = O + would + have + been + being + V₃ + S

EXAMPLE

PRESENT TENSE

Ø Simple

A = Contractor build the bridge

P = The bridge is built by contractor

Ø Continuous

    A = Contractor is building the bridge

P = The bridge is being built by contractor

Ø Perfect

A = Contractor has built the bridge for two months

P = The bridge has been built by co tractor for two months

Ø Perfect Continuous

A = Contractor has been building the bridge

P = The bridge has been being built by contractor

PAST TENSE

Ø Simple

A = we built construction

P = a construction was built by us

Ø Continuous

    A = we are building construction

P = a construction was being built by us

Ø Perfect

A = we had built construction

P = a construction had been built by us

Ø Perfect Continuous

A = we had been building construction

P = construction had been being built by us

FUTURE TENSE

Ø Simple

A = contractor will have been building a highway project

P = highway project will be built by contractor

Ø Continuous

    A = contractor will be building a highway project

P = a highway project will be being built by contactor

Ø Perfect

A = contractor will have built a highway project

P = a highway project will have been being built by contactor

Ø Perfect Continuous

A = contractor will have been building a highway project

P = highway project will have been being built by contractor

PAST FUTURE TENSE

Ø Simple

A = I would fix a bridge

P = a bridge would be fixed by me

Ø Continuous

    A = I would be fixing a bridge

P = a bridge would be being fixed by me

Ø Perfect

A = I would have fixed a bridge

P = a bridge would be being fixed by me

Ø Perfect Continuous

A = I would have been fixing a bridge

P = a bridge would have been fixed by me